2009年6月英語四級語法備戰(zhàn)：with的用法大全

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　　with結(jié)構(gòu)是許多英語復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的一種。學(xué)好它對學(xué)好復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)、動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的構(gòu)成、特點及用法等作一較全面闡述，以幫助同學(xué)們掌握這一重要的語法知識。

　　一、 with結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成

　　它是由介詞with或without+復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞with或without的復(fù)合賓語，復(fù)合賓語中第一部分賓語由名詞或代詞充當，第二部分補足語由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式或分詞充當，分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過去分詞。With結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成方式如下：

　　1. with或without-名詞/代詞+形容詞;

　　2. with或without-名詞/代詞+副詞;

　　3. with或without-名詞/代詞+介詞短語;

　　4. with或without-名詞/代詞+動詞不定式;

　　5. with或without-名詞/代詞+分詞。

　　下面分別舉例：

　　1、 She came into the room，with her nose red because of cold.(with+名詞+形容詞，作伴隨狀語)

　　2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.(with+名詞+副詞，作時間狀語)

　　3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名詞+介詞短語，作伴隨狀語。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.

　　4、He lay in the dark empty house，with not a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名詞+不定式，作伴隨狀語) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代詞 +不定式，作條件狀語)

　　5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ，作伴隨狀語)

　　6、Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.(without+代詞+過去分詞，作為原因狀語)

　　二、with結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

　　在句子中with結(jié)構(gòu)多數(shù)充當狀語，表示行為方式，伴隨情況、時間、原因或條件(詳見上述例句)。

　　With結(jié)構(gòu)在句中也可以作定語。例如：

　　1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.

　　2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.

　　3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.