2008年12月英語四六級(jí)考試語法權(quán)威解析

　　一、動(dòng)詞語態(tài)詳解

　　語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它用來表示句中主語同謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。

　　英語有兩種語態(tài)， 主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)， 主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。例如：

　　1. I have repaired the radio.

　　我修好了收音機(jī)。

　　2. The radio has been repaired.

　　收音機(jī)被修好了。

　　3. The students cleaned the classroom.

　　學(xué)生們打掃了教室。

　　4. The classroom was cleaned by the students.

　　教室被學(xué)生們打掃了。

　　被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be + 過去分詞

　　1. A building was damaged by the storm.

　　暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了一座建筑物。

　　2. Our plate was made in China.

　　我們的盤子是中國生產(chǎn)的。

　　3. My bike was stolen.

　　我的自行車被盜了。

　　常用的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化如下，以 ask 為例：

　　現(xiàn)在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked

　　過去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked

　　將來I shall be asked, I shall have been asked

　　過去將來I shall be asked

　　被動(dòng)語態(tài)的疑問句是把助動(dòng)詞提前到句首。

　　1. Has your TV set been repaired?

　　你的電視機(jī)修了嗎?

　　2. Was the kite broken?

　　風(fēng)箏破了嗎?

　　3. Has the work been done?

　　工作結(jié)束了嗎?

　　被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式是在助動(dòng)詞后面加 not.

　　1. The letter has not been sent out.

　　信還沒有發(fā)出去。

　　2. The little boy has not been found out.

　　小孩還沒有找到。

　　3. The cap has not been mended yet.

　　帽子還沒有補(bǔ)好。

　　4. Their money has not been sent to them.

　　他們的錢還沒有送到他們手