第五節(jié)、利用詞法、語法解其它題型 一、閱讀中詞匯題
詞匯題里考到的詞匯通常有兩種情況：一種是超過大綱的生詞；一種是簡單詞匯，但意義不常見。解這類題的最基本的方法是利用上下文來猜測詞匯的大體意思，然后對照選項挑選最接近的表達(dá)。
解詞匯題有幾種常見的技巧：
(1)復(fù)述或例證
First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country.
The word “provincial” most probably means _____.(1999年6月)
A) limited in outlook B) like people from the provinces
C) rigid in thinking D) interested in world financial affairs
解題思路：provincial后面的并列句子take more of an interest in local affairs是對provincial一詞的復(fù)述。“對地方事務(wù)更感興趣”表明provincial就是狹隘。A是最好的解釋。后面舉例子是確認(rèn)第一推測的雙保險。
(2)比較與對比
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. (1998年6月)
The word“bested”(Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _______.
A) beat B) envied C) caught up with D) made the best of
解題思路：
原文中考查單詞bested出現(xiàn)在比較句中，句子直譯為“受限制吸煙者_(dá)___了測試前剛抽過一根煙的人”。這個句子是并列句的后半部分，因此與前面的語義應(yīng)該有平行關(guān)系。前文意思是“不吸煙的人比常吸煙的人多記住19%的最重要信息”。因此根據(jù)句式要求，后面bested所在句子也應(yīng)該是甲大于/多于乙的關(guān)系。故A為正確選項。
二、15選10文章填空
利用語法常識快速縮小范圍，方法是根據(jù)“左鄰右里”確定所缺詞匯所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧⒃~性。看下例。
In recent years, many Americans of both sexes and 1 ages have become interested in improving their bodies. They have become 2 to physical fitness. The need to exercise has almost become compulsive with many people who have a strong 3 to ‘be more physically fit’.
By nature, Americans are enthusiastic and energetic about their hobbies and pastimes. They typically 4 this enthusiasm, and energy to jogging, running or other exercises. As a result, there are running clubs or gyms to join and many books and magazines to read about 5 fit.
The wish to be physically fit is explained by a “passion” for good health. The high rate of heart attacks in the 1960s caused a sharp 6 on the part of the public in improving their bodies. Nowadays, middle-aged men, in particular, 7 a lot from heart attacks. Consequently, they are one group strongly interested in more physical exercise.
In fact, many doctors 8 their patients to become more physically 9 , especially those who have sedentary (坐著的) jobs. It is interesting to note that the rate of heart attacks began to decrease in the 1970s and it is still decreasing. Physical fitness 10 enjoys a favored role in the United States. It is a new “l(fā)ove” that many Americans have treasured. Will this last long？Only time can tell--or until another “new passion” appears.
A) keeping I) alwaysB) increase J) benefitC) consistently K) applyD) currently L) desireE) devoted M) encourageF) decrease N) challenging G) active O) variousH) suffer
