文都2006年春季四級詞匯講義——快速提高

2. Suffixes

   Nouns

   1)  –ant, -ent   applicant, component, servant, student

   2)  –er, -or, -ar   employer, interviewer, trainer, painter, New Yorker, Northerner, lighter, cooker, conductor, beggar

   3)  –ee   absentee, abandonee, employee, interviewee, trainee

   4)  –eer   engineer, pioneer

   5)  –an, -ian, -arian   historian, humanitarian, librarian, musician, Canadian

   6)  –ese   Chinese, Japanese

   7)  –ist    artist, Marxist, capitalist

   8)  –ism   socialism, capitalism, mechanism

   9)  -ability, -ibility  ability, flexibility

  10)  –age  postage, shrinkage

  11)  –al  arrival, refusal

  12)  –ance, -ence  appearance, reference

  13)  –ancy, -ency  emergency, expectancy

  14)  –cy  accuracy, bankruptcy

  15)  –dom   freedom, kingdom, wisdom

  16)  –ery  bravery, cookery

  17)  –ess  actress, lioness

  18)  –ette   cigarette, novelette, cassette

  19)  –ful  handful, spoonful

  20)  –hood   childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood

  21)  –ics     economics, electronics, mechanics, physics, mathematics, politics

  22)  –ion(-sion, -ssion -ition, -ation)   decision, discussion, inflation, translation, action,               correction 

  23)  –ity, -ty   reality, curiosity, purity, security, certainty, cruelty, difficulty, loyalty, poverty, safety

  24)  –ment   movement, agreement, harassment

  25)  –ness    carelessness, greatness, friendliness, weakness, tiredness

  26)  –ology   futurology, geology, biology, musicology, psychology, anthropology ^

  27)  –ship   hardship, friendship, sportsmanship

  28)  –th   birth, death, breadth, strength, truth

  29)  -ure  closure, exposure

 Adjectives

  30)  –able, -ible   acceptable, admissible, avoidable, eatable, countable, notable *, suitable, variable

  31)  –al  educational, additional, normal, natural, essential

  32)  –an, -arian, -ian   suburban, disciplinarian, Canadian

  33)  –ant, -ent  different, resultant

  34)  –ary, -ory  advisory, customary

  35)  –ate  considerate, fortunate

  36)  –en  golden, wooden, woolen

  37)  –ern     northern, southern

  38)  –ese  Chinese, Japanese

  39)  –free  carefree, troublefree

  40)  –ful  careful, painful

  41)  –ic, -ical     atomic, biological, economic, economical, historic, historical, scientific, medical, mechanic, mechanical

  42)  –ish     selfish, childish, womanish, greenish, reddish, yellowish, Swedish, Danish

  43)  –ive  creative, decisive, supportive

  44)  –less     useless, fruitless, boundless, groundless, hopeless, jobless, restless

  45)  –like  childlike, ladylike

  46)  –ly  manly, monthly

  47)  –ous, –ious, -uous, -eous   various, continuous, courageous

  48)  –proof   airproof, bulletproof, fireproof, waterproof

  49)  –some   tiresome ^, lonesome, quarrelsome, troublesome, worrisome ^

  50)  –ward  downward, homeward

  51)  –y  hairy, noisy

  Verbs

  52)  –en   deepen, fasten, lengthen, strengthen, harden

  53)  –ify   beautify, classify, electrify, horrify, modify, simplify, justify, notify

  54)  –ize, -yze, -ise, -yse   analyze, modernize, industrialize, popularize, specialisation ^,

         professionalisation ^

  Adverbs

  55)  –ly   clearly, easily, quickly

  56)  –ward, -wards   inward, outward, upward, downward, homeward, northwards

  57)  -wise  clockwise, otherwise