王長喜大學英語考試四級大課堂（十一講）

例(1)Why are newspaper considered as an important medium according to the passage? (1998年6月六級簡答題S2)

　　(分析：此題用why來提問，短文中似乎沒有because……回應句。但考生在第一段應該會看到這樣一句話：Of all the media, television is clearly dominant, with newspapers a close second, at least as a source of news and other information. 此句中直接談到"newpapers"的作用"as a source of news and other information"，as是重要標志，因而題干答案即為：Because they are a source of news and other information.

例(2)Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado? (1998年1月六級簡答題S2)

　　(分析：此題在短文第一段中沒有出現任何表因果關系的連詞，但文中有兩處關鍵的話，即，all of us naturally set aside any pretenses(矯飾) and put out backs into ever stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. <此處考生要知道keep … from … 之意，防止…被…>，……working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. 前一句話暗示出小船極易"tumble over"，后一句話表明河流有："the unpredictable twists and turns"，故答案為：Because the rivers is full of twists and turns.)

(3)范例型題目：需要概括答案的。表示舉例的關鍵詞有：for example, such …as, for instance, that is, as follow等�？忌鷮�這些詞后面的內容要注意。

例(1)For one reasons or another, people's exposure to the media is often _______. (1998年6月六級簡答題3)

　　(分析：此題文中第二段首句就突出了主題：There are various factors that can cause you to expose yourself to the media selectively, ……. 然后指出原因：…… is probably due to the psychological pressure …. However, … but to other factors, such as….考生只要找到"selectively"、"due to …"、"other factors"、"such as"等詞，就能夠填完題干句，即 … is often selective and influenced by different factors.)

例(2) What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s? (1998年1月六級簡答題S4)

　　(分析：此題的答案需要從文中所舉例子前后經過的描述中才能概括出來。文中用For example道出事情經過：For example, in the late 1970s a General Motor plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warefare between labor and management. Distrust ran so high that the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky legal terms. ……關鍵詞有"Distrust"、"high"、"tricky"。此外，上一段"the teamwork is the key to making dreams come ture"也很重要，因為所舉例子是論證此觀點的，故考生可概括出答案：Distrust and lack of teamwork)

(4)對照比較型題目：對照比較目的在于所涉及的兩個事物之間的不同或相似之處,進而說明主題.表對照的關鍵詞有：however、nevertheless、in contrast、 on the other hand、but、yet、while等。表比較的詞有：likewise、in the same way、as if、as等。

例(1) Developing children's self-confidence helps bring them up to be _______ (1999年1月六級簡答題S5)

　　(分析：此題答案在短文最后一句能直接找到。Giving children the opportunity to develop new resources, to enlarge their horizons and discover the pleasures of doing things on their own is, on the other hand, a way to help children develop a confident feeling about themselves as capable and intersting people. 句中on the other hand表對照，暗示出與前面相反的結果，故答案為：capable and interesting people)

例(2) When parents show constant disappointment in their children, the destructive effect is that the children will _____ .(1999年1月六級題S4)

　　(分析：此題答案從文中最后一段第一、二句即可總結出。Such disappointment, however, is not only unjust, it is also destructive. Sensing their parent's disappointment, children come to believe that they are, indeed, lacking something, and that this makes them less worthy of admiration and respect. 句中"however"表強轉折，強調"destructive"，后一句解釋有什么危害，關鍵詞有"lacking something"、"less worthy of admiration and respect"，故答案可總結為： lost their confidence and respectability.)

(5)描寫敘述型題目：需要變換詞法或句型。此類題句子內容和表達詞在原文中能找到，考生關鍵是進行時態(tài)的變換、句型的轉換。在替換過程中切勿因粗心犯了不該犯的錯誤，如時態(tài)、單復數和動名詞等。)

例(1) What does the author think Joe Jempler should be blamed for? (1997年1月六級簡答題72)

　　(分析：此題答案在文可找到大部分詞句，但需要作些變換。原句有：Joe Templer should have known better: ……。It won't hurt to leave the key in the truck this once, ……�？忌鷳�知道："should +have+V-ed"用法，其次"leave the key in the truck"是關鍵詞。通過這些知識點可知答案為：Having left his key in the truck. 注意答案時態(tài)變化。)

例(2) What are the two ways, thieves sell the stolen cars?

　　(分析：此題答案文中有兩句已告知。Typically, stolen cars are taken to pieces and the parts sold to individuals. But as many as 200,000 cars are struggled out of the country every year. 考生需要把這兩句話意思高度概括出，在詞法句式上作些變化。答案為：Selling by parts and smuggling into other countries.)

例(3) The last sentence of the passage indicates that one's exposure to the media is ______ (1998年6月六級簡答題S5)

　　(分析：此題答案文中最后一句話已表明。These various factors have so much influence on your media exposure that so little of that exposure is planned. 考生只需作些詞法變換即可，答案為：hardly planned.)

例(4)Ｗhat was the explanation of animal-behavior experts for the "clever" behavior of pets? (1997年6月六級簡答題S5)

　　(分析：此題答案短文最后一句即點明：The behavior was a mechanical result of the training. 但考生需要聯(lián)系本段中心意思，得知此結論符合動物專家觀點，故答案為：A mechanical result of training)

3、推理題

　　這類題型主要包括兩種：描述事實基礎上推理和邏輯上的推理。

(1)在描述事實事礎上的推理題�？忌�只要在描述細節(jié)句子范圍內進行推理，不必顧及整體文章大旨，以防干擾。

例(1)　What did Newton seem puzzled about? (1997年6月六級簡答題S1)

　　(分析：此題文中第一段只描寫了一個事實：Whenever I tossed out a Frishbee(飛碟) for him to chase, he'd take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the tress. He seemed genuinely puzzled. 通過對這幾句描述的理解，考生應明白Newton似乎不知上哪兒去找飛碟，故答案為：Not knowing the Frishee's track.)

例(2)What made it possible for the TIM reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?

　　(分析：此題考生需要理解短文第二段第一、二句話：Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters came up with ……. 從這里可推知，記者們正是聽到了寵物主人的宣揚才得知這些故事的。因此答案為：That the owners want others to share their stories.)

例(3) According to many parents, without TV, their children would like them to _____ .

　　(分析: 此題答案在短文首句中即可推斷出. Many parents who welcome the family are still worried that without TV they would constantly be on call as entertainers for their children. 關鍵詞是without TV, be on call as entertainers,由此可知,孩子們是希望父母陪他們玩, 故答案為:play with their children.)

例(4)What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?(1998年1月六級簡答題S1)

　　(分析:此題通過作者對細節(jié)的強調而知道作者的態(tài)度和觀點.
Atfer only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river. 句中"accustomed to being spoiled and indulged"是關鍵詞，它表有作者的評價。故答案為：They were used to being spoiled and idulged.)

(2)通過前后句以及上、下文內在邏輯進行推理。此類題一般針對主題思想、作者意圖而設計的。考生要注意首句、段尾句和表示轉折或因果關系的一些詞，如：but, however, yet, in short, as, although, as a result, because, since, therefore, thus, so等。

例(1) Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?

　　(分析：短文第一段先描寫了Newton似乎不知道該上哪兒找飛碟，但當作者準備去幫它時，"he would run invariably straight over the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his should with what looked suspiciously like a grin."從這前，后句可以看出Newton是在挑逗、欺騙作者。故答案為：Because Newton intended to deceive him.)

例(2)�。議at happened to the New York knicks in the 1980s? (1998年1月六級簡答題S3)

　�。ǚ治觯捍祟}答案需要從短文中關鍵一句才能推出。I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has from years of the adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s. 句中： recovered from years of adversity "是關鍵詞，它暗示出該隊曾陷入困境，故答案為：It was in adversity.這需要從句子的內在邏輯中才能推出。)

例(3) What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant? (1998年1月六級簡答題S5)

　　(分析：此題需要理解全文的中心思想才能推導出。因為全篇文章是講團隊精神的重要性。最后一段通過事實圍繞此主題展開的，因此可知答案為：teamwork spirit。)

例(4)Exposure to all media is important and people sometimes tend to use more media if ____ (1998年6月六級簡答題S1)

　　(分析：此題從原文中直接找不到答案，它需要理解第一段中心大意及關鍵句子，且考生只能用自己語言來表達。首段主要講大眾媒體的重要性，然后用一句話點出：Our exposure to all media is important, however, because all of them contribute materials for the construction of that world in our heads. 考生只要理解了because 后面句子意思，就能準確地補完題干條件句：if they want to know more about the world 。)

例(5) Many parents think that, instead of watching a lot of TV, their children should ______. (1999年1月六級簡答題題S2)

　　(分析：此題答案在第一段關鍵一句理解基礎上再作逆向思維即可推導出。They remember thinking up all sorts of things to do when they were kids. But their own kids seem different, less resourceful, somehow. 此句意即父母們記得他們小時候總能想到許多事情去做的。但他們現在的孩子似乎不同，總覺得沒什么事做。這就表明，許多父母認為，如果不去看電視，他們的孩子也應該想出許多事做，故答案為：think up things to do.)

三、簡答題得高分基本原則

　　以上歸納了簡答命題傾向及解題技巧，考生掌握了這些知識后，還要注意以下幾個方面才能得到高分。

1、答案盡量用短語或詞組，句子要簡潔，一般都規(guī)定了不能超過10個單詞，多了要扣分。

2、盡量用短文中出現的詞組或短語，句子的用詞也應以短文中出現的關鍵詞為先。若非用自己的語言組織、表達不可，則注意句子結構的精煉、完整和時態(tài)的正確。

3、注意大小寫正確及書寫的工整。