規(guī)則(6):英文中有所謂的助動(dòng)詞。必須注意 英文中有很多動(dòng)詞都是助詞動(dòng),在規(guī)則(4)中,我們說(shuō)在絕大多數(shù)的否定語(yǔ)句中,必須用助動(dòng)詞do或did。Do是原形動(dòng)詞,did 和does都是do的變形。
除了do是助動(dòng)詞以外,can、may、might、will、would、must也都是助動(dòng)詞。
以上所提到的助動(dòng)詞,都有一個(gè)共同的特色,那就是這些助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞必須是原形動(dòng)詞,以下的句子都是正確的:
He can swim.
He does not swim.
I do not speak English.
You must walk to work every day.
I did not work yesterday.
You may leave now.
I will go to Taipei tomorrow.
以下的句子都是錯(cuò)的:
* I did not went.
* He does not goes to work.
* You must walked to work.
除了以上的助動(dòng)詞以外,還有一個(gè)非常特殊的助動(dòng)詞,那就是have,在這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的后面,動(dòng)詞絕對(duì)不能用原形動(dòng)詞,以下是用這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的例子:
I have been to England.
I have slept all day.
I have studied English since I was a child.
been、slept 和studied都是過(guò)去分詞(past participle),以下的句子也都是現(xiàn)在完成式,我們后討論完成式的時(shí)候,會(huì)將這些解釋清楚的。
規(guī)則(7):英文問(wèn)句要有助動(dòng)詞
我們先看看以下的英文句子,這些都是錯(cuò)的:
* How many books you wrote?
* How many sons you have?
正確的句子是:
Why do you drink so much water?
How many books did you write?
How many sons do you have?
絕大多數(shù)的英文問(wèn)句子是一定要有助動(dòng)詞,以下全是正確的英文問(wèn)句,你可以看出每一句的助動(dòng)詞嗎?
Do you love me?
Did you go to school yesterday?
How many books do you have?
How much money does he have?
Why don’t you go back home?
Do you like to swim?
Can you play violin?
Will you go home tomorrow?
Would you give me a call?
當(dāng)然啦,一旦動(dòng)詞是verb to be,我們又不需要助動(dòng)詞了,以下都是正確的英文問(wèn)句:
Are you a teacher?
Is he a student?
Is Mr. Chang your father?
Were your mother and father in England last year?
規(guī)則(8):特殊動(dòng)詞隨主詞的變化 英文中,有些動(dòng)詞因主詞不同而改變,verb to be是其中之一,因此,我們必須記得以下的規(guī)則:
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
現(xiàn)在式 單數(shù) I am You are �。℉e,She,It)is
復(fù)數(shù) We are You are They are
過(guò)去式 單數(shù) I was You were (He,She,It)was
復(fù)數(shù) We were You were They were
Verb to have也有類似的變化:
第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
現(xiàn)在式 單數(shù) I have You have (He,She,It)has
復(fù)數(shù) We have You have They have
過(guò)去式 單數(shù) I had You had (He,She,It)had
復(fù)數(shù) We had You had They had
【練習(xí)一】
以下的句子都有錯(cuò),請(qǐng)將正確的句子寫出來(lái):
1.* I am like my parent.
2.* He is loves his teacher.
3.* He keeps swim every day.
4.* He wants drink a glass of water.
5.* He likes play violin.
6.* Jack do not love mathematics.
7.* Mary hate singing.
8.* My mother cook very good food.
9.* He want me to see him tomorrow.
10.* He not knows my name.
11.* I not like you.
12.* He not like swimming.
13.* You not went home.
14.* I not like swimming.
15.* I wanted to went to my mother’s home.
16.* I do not like to swimming.
17.* I did not ate dinner.
18.* I will not went home.
19.* He did not went home.
20.* You may leaving now.
21.* He can swimming.
22.* He does not goes to work.