【備考六月】如何找主要事實特定細節(jié)

　　在通讀全文的過程中，我們要特別注意涉及who, what, when, where和why均可找到回答。但是，需要注意的是，這些問題的表述常常不是采用文章中的原話，而是使用同義的詞語來進行提問。因此，在回答此類問題時，首先要認真審題看清問題提問的是什么。然后，根據(jù)所涉及到的問題，快速掃視到文章中相應(yīng)的部分，找到與答題內(nèi)容相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞或短語，再細讀一、兩遍。在確信理解了原文的基礎(chǔ)上來確定正確答案。在查到的關(guān)鍵詞句下面應(yīng)劃線，以引起注意，便于記憶與復(fù)查。此外，如果回答此類問題需要讀者具有一定的背景知識，那也只是最基本的常識。因此，切勿脫離文中內(nèi)容而根據(jù)自己的想像或其它來源的知識來選擇答案。

　　在回答此類問題時，應(yīng)注意以下幾個問題：

　　一、當(dāng)問及時間、距離以及其它用數(shù)字表示的細節(jié)時，有時需要進行計算方能得出答案。此時要把計算過程簡單列出，不可隨意心算一下即確定答案。

　　例一：Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.

　　The Flag of the U.S. — The Stars and Stripes

　　The history of the flag of the U. S. has become so cluttered by myth that hardly any facts can be established. One thing all agree on is that the Stars and Stripes originated as the result of a resolution adopted by Congress June 14, 1777. It read:Resolved: that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes,alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.

　　The flag of 1777 was used until 1795. Then, on the admission of Vermont and Kentucky to the Union, Congress passed an act that after May 1, 1795, the flag should have 15 stripes and 15 stars.

　　When new states were admitted it became evident that the flag would become burdened with stripes. Congress thereupon ordered that after July 4, 1818, the flag should have 13 stripes, symbolizing the 13 original states; that the union have 20 stars, and that whenever a new state was admitted a new star should be added on the July 4 following the admission.

　　The 50 — star flag of the United States was raised for the first time officially on July 4, 1960, at Fort McHenry in Baltimore. The 50th star had been added for Hawaii, a year earlier the 49th, for Alaska. Before that, no star had been added since 1912, when New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union.