新東方：四十天突破六級(jí)考試講義與筆記—閱讀

　　3. 細(xì)節(jié)題--直接細(xì)節(jié)、因果推理、暗示

　　例如：

　　31. It is implied that fifty years ago ____________ .

　　A) eighty percent of American working people were employed in factories

　　B) twenty percent of American intellectuals were employees

　　C) the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of industrial workers

　　D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of industrial workers

　　34. According to the writer, professional knowledge or skill is _______ .

　　A) less important than awareness of being a good employee

　　B) as important as the ability to deal with public relations

　　C) more important than employer- employee relations

　　D) as important as the ability to co- operate with others in the organization

　　Ours has become a society of employees. A hundred years or so ago only one out of every five Americans at work was employed, i. e., worked for somebody else. Today only one out of five is not employed but working for himself. And when fifty years ago "being employed" meant working as a factory labourer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle-class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills. Indeed, two things have characterized American society during these last fifty years: middle-class and upper - class employees have been the fastest-growing groups in our working population-growing so fast that the industrial worker, that oldest child of the Industrial Revolution, has been losing in numerical importance despite the expansion of industrial production.

　　Yet you will fine little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. You can also find a good deal of work in a chosen field, whether it be the mechanist' s trade or bookkeeping (簿記). Every one of these trades requires different skills, sets different standards, and requires a different preparation. Yet they all have employeeship in common. And increasingly, especially in the large business or in government, employeeship is more important to success than the special professional knowledge or skill. Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

　　4. 作者態(tài)度題(attitude)——正負(fù)態(tài)度

　　凡是文章探討新事物——正態(tài)度

　　凡是文章探討老事物——負(fù)態(tài)度

　　例外：中立題

　　25. The writer’s attitude towards the use of the telephone is ______.

　　A) affectionate

　　B) disapproving

　　C) approving

　　D) neutral

　　●例子：例子必出題。文章有論點(diǎn)-論據(jù)-論證，例子是論證，用來(lái)支持論點(diǎn)，所以簡(jiǎn)而言之，例子本身不重要，但前后論點(diǎn)極其重要。

　　例子開(kāi)始的標(biāo)志：for example，后面跟著大寫(xiě)、時(shí)間、年代，依然是舉例內(nèi)容。

　　例子含義的標(biāo)志：show, tell, prove, demonstrate, find, clearly

　　[Page72]

　　In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(貓頭鷹), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters-and the owls-was still undecided in mid-1992.

　　注：1. controversial的意思是受爭(zhēng)議的，同“sharply political issue”，contro表示“反”

　　2. for example前句子是重點(diǎn)

　　3. problematic懸而未決的

　　Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished (使窮困), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.

　　注：1. tension張力，沖突

　　2. 看到similar就說(shuō)明第二段說(shuō)的和第一段一樣。

　　3. But轉(zhuǎn)折是重點(diǎn)

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