作為走在上海應(yīng)試教學(xué)研究最前沿的上海新東方學(xué)校，這一次又在國(guó)家教委發(fā)布大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試試點(diǎn)樣題之際第一時(shí)間組織一線(xiàn)教師對(duì)試題作了仔細(xì)的研究和討論。我們聽(tīng)力組經(jīng)過(guò)討論后總結(jié)出如下聽(tīng)力部分的改革要點(diǎn)。首先，如以前的改革考綱所示，聽(tīng)力部分的分值已經(jīng)從以前的20%上升到35%，和閱讀理解部分并列成為整張?jiān)嚲碇蟹种当壤钪匾膬刹糠�。其次，題型的種類(lèi)和以往相比改動(dòng)不大。老題的聽(tīng)力題目由兩部分組成，一部分叫做短對(duì)話(huà)(short conversation)，和新題的第一部分是一模一樣的。老題的第二部分有兩種選擇，一種是長(zhǎng)段子(passage)，另外一種是復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(compound dictation)，而新題中這兩種題型都必須考察，考察的形式和題目數(shù)量均與以往完全一致。唯一不同的部分是新題中增設(shè)了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)部分(longer conversation)，而且和以往我們預(yù)測(cè)的稍有出入的一點(diǎn)是樣題中把原有的短對(duì)話(huà)從10題減少到8題，而長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)比我們預(yù)測(cè)的5題增加了2題，對(duì)話(huà)數(shù)量也由我們預(yù)測(cè)的1個(gè)增加為2個(gè)。不過(guò)對(duì)話(huà)部分題目總數(shù)保持不變，還是15個(gè)�？偟膩�(lái)說(shuō)，題目的總量增加了，做題時(shí)間增加了，本身對(duì)學(xué)生是否能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的集中聽(tīng)力注意力就增加了考驗(yàn)。另外以往有同學(xué)在考聽(tīng)力的時(shí)候存在僥幸心理，特別是懼怕復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)的同學(xué)往往會(huì)在考前祈禱這次考試不要出現(xiàn)這種題型。改革以后以往所有的題型都必考了，無(wú)形中還是增加了總體的難度。接下來(lái)我將就其中的兩種題型：長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)和長(zhǎng)段子給大家分析一下，著重于和以往題型的對(duì)比，目的在于給大家的復(fù)習(xí)方向以明確的指導(dǎo)。
首先我們來(lái)看一下樣題中給出的兩篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)。
Conversation One
W: Hello, Gary. How’re you?
M: Fine! And yourself?
W: Can’t complain. Did you have time to look at my proposal?
M: No, not really. Can we go over it now?
W: Sure. I’ve been trying to come up with some new production and advertising strategies. First of all, if we want to stay competitive, we need to modernize our factory. New equipment should’ve been installed long ago.
M: How much will that cost?
W: We have several options ranging from one hundred thousand dollars all the way up to half a million.
M: OK. We’ll have to discuss these costs with finance.
W: We should also consider human resources. I’ve been talking to personnel as well as our staff at the factory.
M: And what’s the picture?
W: We’ll probably have to hire a couple of engineers to help us modernize the factory.
M: What about advertising?
W: Marketing has some interesting ideas for television commercials.
M: TV? Isn’t that a bit too expensive for us? What’s wrong with advertising in the papers, as usual?
W: Quite frankly, it’s just not enough anymore. We need to be more aggressive in order to keep ahead of our competitors.
M: Will we be able to afford all this?
W: I’ll look into it, but I think higher costs will be justified. These investments will result in higher profits for our company.
M: We’ll have to look at the figures more closely. Have finance draw up a budget for these investments.
W: All right. I’ll see to it.
Questions 19 to 20 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19.What are the two speakers talking about?
20.What does the woman say about the equipment of their factory?
21.What does the woman suggest about human resources?
22. Why does the woman suggest advertising on TV?
第一篇文章給我們的第一印象是篇幅非常的長(zhǎng)。之前我們的預(yù)測(cè)是6-8個(gè)回合的對(duì)話(huà)考5道題目，而現(xiàn)在發(fā)現(xiàn)篇幅遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了這個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)，題目卻少了一道，這也給同學(xué)們?cè)诙虝r(shí)間內(nèi)從大量信息中尋找答案制造了困難。不過(guò)如果大家再回過(guò)頭仔細(xì)去看看我用下劃線(xiàn)標(biāo)示出來(lái)的這些內(nèi)容，馬上就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)這些部分就是4道題目的答案出處，而且每次答案的出現(xiàn)都伴隨著一個(gè)問(wèn)題。這首先就說(shuō)明了一點(diǎn)，每每遇到問(wèn)答的形式都是考官青睞的考點(diǎn)，而且考試的重點(diǎn)往往落在答語(yǔ)上。這一點(diǎn)和短對(duì)話(huà)中體現(xiàn)的原則不謀而合，而且短對(duì)話(huà)中的建議請(qǐng)求原則也和此處的情況及其相似。另外還有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，大家觀察后不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是每一組問(wèn)答都被作為考點(diǎn)，而作為考試重點(diǎn)的幾組問(wèn)題之間關(guān)聯(lián)性是不大的。換句話(huà)來(lái)說(shuō)，第一個(gè)問(wèn)題考察了文章的main idea, 從第二個(gè)問(wèn)題開(kāi)始分別考察了new business strategy 所呈現(xiàn)的3方面問(wèn)題。其中每一個(gè)方面選擇了一個(gè)最重要的問(wèn)題來(lái)考察，這一點(diǎn)又和以往的passage考察方法很類(lèi)似，特別是人物生平發(fā)展或者故事類(lèi)的題目很相似，每一方面的內(nèi)容只考察一道題目，而且出題的順序和文章的順序是一致的。
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