Part Ⅳ

　　61. take for granted 改為take it for granted. take it for granted that: 想當然認為…，在該結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為形式賓語，that引導的從句才是真正賓語。如：Don’t take it for granted that you are bond to win. 別想當然地以為你注定會贏。 ��

　　62. and 改為or,根據(jù)句意知，此處應是選擇關(guān)系，而非并列關(guān)系。 ��

　　63. will改為would。根據(jù)句中In the early days和could 知此句主句時態(tài)為一般過去時，故其賓語從句中的將來時應為過去將來時，用would。 ��

　　64. At改為In。at表時間點，如幾時幾刻：at five o’clock, at 10∶30表一段時間用in, 如：in two years, in a week, in a few days,自然此處the old days 前應用in。 ��

　　65. danger 改為dangerous. 由于本句是系數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)，故應用形容詞;況且從修辭上看既然stormy 有“風暴的”是形容詞，后面and 并列的詞性也應是形容詞。故應將danger 名詞改為其形容詞dangerous。 ��

　　66. go on ashore 改為go ashore 或go on shore, ashore 是副詞，意為“上岸，在岸上”。此處“上岸”可用go ashore或go on shore來表達。 ��

　　67. scratched改為were scratched或they scratched。若用were scratched，則此句為倒裝句，主語是words,用過去時和被動語態(tài)。若用they scratched，則words是賓語，該句缺主語，根據(jù)上下文，加上they即可。 ��

　　68. it改為them。句中的pick it up 中“it”指的是主句中的letters。根據(jù)單復數(shù)一致的原則，應用them指代letters。 ��

　　69. golden改為gold。golden 是形容詞，意為“金色的”，“黃金般的”，gold 作名詞，意為“黃金”，作形容詞，意為“全制的”。故“淘金熱”應為“gold rush”。 ��

　　70. sail 改為sailing。根據(jù)boats sail east could pick up 中could為謂動詞，到sail 應變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞，作定語，修飾boats。若無字數(shù)限制，改成boats which sailed east 這樣的定語從句也可以。 �お�

　　Part Ⅴ

　　寫作指導 ��

　　本文應先說明環(huán)境破壞的現(xiàn)象，然后分析造成的原因，最后再提出了環(huán)保建議。分三個部分論證�？刹捎门e例法論證，關(guān)聯(lián)詞如表示舉例的for instance; 表示結(jié)果的consequently;表示進一步說明或強調(diào)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：besides等可以試著采用。再由于文章涉及環(huán)境問題，許多動詞的施動者不清楚，因此多數(shù)句子最好用被動態(tài)。��

　　Sample writing��

　　How to Solve the Problem of Environmental Protection��

　　The problem of environmental protection has drawn attention and concern of　people all over the world, for people have realized that humans are a part of nature and should be responsible for the ecological balance. The world population　is growing so rapidly that our earth seems too crowded. Vast stretches of fertile lands are being turned into deserts. The reduction of wooded areas has resulted in increased flooding and water shortages in dry seasons.��

　　There are two basic sources of the problems. One is man-made. For instance, people cut down trees either for sale or for fuels. The coverage of the world’s forests is rapidly diminishing, which is attributed to the denudation and forest fires. Another destructive factor is war. During the wars in Iraq and Yugoslavia, many chemical weapons were used. Consequently, the natural environment is seriously damaged. The other is natural catastrophes, such as forest fires, floods, and volcanoes.��

　　So, governments of all countries should establish strict laws to prevent the environment from being further polluted. Measures should be taken to make people realize the urgency of protecting our earth. Besides, more greenbelts should　be built every year, and forests should be well protected. Everyone should try his best to make our earth a better place to survive.

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