第 1 頁:模擬試題 |
第 5 頁:答案及解析 |
Part Ⅳ
短文大意
本篇短文主要說明了個(gè)人的主觀能動(dòng)性是取得成功的主要因素。那些在大學(xué)里學(xué)習(xí)想獲取很大成就的學(xué)生往往比那些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不高的學(xué)生的考分高得多。那么個(gè)人如何才能獲取較大的成績呢 ?主要靠個(gè)人的奮斗,也就是說,個(gè)人必須具有很強(qiáng)烈的獲得成功的積極性。這種積極性不要?jiǎng)e人監(jiān)督,要對自己負(fù)責(zé),要具有一定的良好素質(zhì)——具有較大的成就,要有很強(qiáng)的積極性,有進(jìn)取心,而不是僅僅為了找一份工作,混口飯吃而已。研究表明,有些的確有所作為的人為了避免失敗則有更強(qiáng)的進(jìn)取心。
71. 【參考答 案】individual motivation for work
【解題技巧】利用短文中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
【詳細(xì)解答】要找一篇文章的主題,必須首先對全文有所了解。本題的答案是不可能從某一句話或某一段落能夠找得到的。這就需要有全局觀念,要有概括能力,要從關(guān)鍵詞中找答 案。文章的第一段主要說明了有進(jìn)取心的學(xué)生往往考分較高,這種進(jìn)取心來自一種動(dòng)力 (motivation)。第二段主要說明那些有強(qiáng)烈愿望取得好成績的人都有一種很強(qiáng)的motivation,這種積極性或原動(dòng)力是不需要有人監(jiān)督的。第三段最后一句話高度概括了這一段落的中心意思。然后,把三段的主要內(nèi)容融合在一起考慮,就不難得出這樣的結(jié)論: individual motivation for work。
72. 【參考答 案】by working well alone
【解題技巧】可以利用原文中的關(guān)鍵詞語來確定答 案。
【詳細(xì)解答】要回答這個(gè)問題,需要從字行里去找答 案,因?yàn)橛行﹩栴}比較直觀。個(gè)人如何獲得好成績 ?是靠個(gè)人的努力或是靠監(jiān)管人員的監(jiān)督?在第二段中有這樣一句話: Their desire for accomplishment is a stronger motivation than any situation the supervisor can provide由此可知,個(gè)人的成績是靠自己的努力,靠動(dòng)力,而不是靠別人的監(jiān)管。
73. 【參考答 案】accept responsibilities for themselves or be responsible for themselves
【解題技巧】通過總結(jié)和推理找出答 案。
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)短文意思,有爭勝心的人往往會(huì)自己對自己負(fù)責(zé)。要回答這個(gè)問題是不能從某一句話或某一段落中找答 案的,就必須對整篇文章進(jìn)行概括和總結(jié),并根據(jù)問題的提出進(jìn)行推理。前面已經(jīng)講過,學(xué)習(xí)好要有動(dòng)力,取得成功要有動(dòng)力,要靠本人,而不是靠別人的監(jiān)管和督促,從而也就得出結(jié)論:成功要靠自己 (Be responsible for themselves)。
74. 【參考答 案】high achievement needs
【解題技巧】從段落中的關(guān)鍵詞語中找答 案。
【詳細(xì)解答】招聘人員對大學(xué)高年級學(xué)生訓(xùn)練成管理人材的素質(zhì)要求是:要有很強(qiáng)的事業(yè)心和進(jìn)取精神。這可以從短文的第三段中看得出來,如: Thoughts concerning the achievement drive are often prominent in the evaluations made by the typical employment interviewer who interviews college seniors for excutive training.這段文字的關(guān)鍵詞語是:achievement drive(成就動(dòng)力),也就是achievement needs。
75. 【參考答 案】they are afraid of failing
【解題技巧】需要從字行里找答 案,根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞語進(jìn)行推理。
【詳細(xì)解答】 What motivates some seniors to succeed?要回答這個(gè)問題,需要仔細(xì)分析文章的最后一句話: Research indicates that some who do get ahead have an even stronger drive to avoid failure. 研究說明有些的確能夠進(jìn)取的人甚至有更強(qiáng)的避免失敗的動(dòng)力。這種避免失敗的動(dòng)力,實(shí)際上就是害怕失敗。
Part Ⅴ
寫作指導(dǎo)
這是一篇描寫文 (Description)。用通俗的話說,描寫文就是用文字給人物、地點(diǎn)、景物畫象。一篇描寫文主要是通過所感受的細(xì)節(jié)——所見所聞發(fā)展而來的。在寫人時(shí),不僅僅要用細(xì)節(jié)描寫其外貌,而要注重通過他的言行來表現(xiàn)其人物性格、思想和品德,更要抓住他區(qū)別于他人的性格特點(diǎn),這樣就容易給讀者留下深刻的印象。短文的第一、二段敘述故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),故事發(fā)生的原因及故事所涉及的人物。文章的三、四、五段描寫的是人物的外貌,穿著及性格特點(diǎn)。通過對人物言行的簡單描寫來揭示主人翁的助人為樂的高尚精神。短文的最后一段,要用一句話概括作者對主人翁的看法: A good guy。文章有描述,有議論,要加敘加議,有血有肉,上下文連貫要緊密,首尾要呼應(yīng),人和事要給人們留下深刻印象。
Sample Writing
The First Impression of My Roommate
It was my first day at the institute. I got into the building where I was going to live, and looked door after door for my name. At last I found it. In the room, there was already a student making his bed.
After we said “how do you do?” to each other, he continued his work, paying no more attention to me. I looked around the room and found that it had been thoroughly cleaned. No doubt it was he who had done it.
I looked at him. He was thin, short and dark. His hair was like a bundle of straw. His dirty clothes and tired look told me that he had had a long journey. His clothes were made of cheap cloth, and he wore a pair of rubber shoes, which were very unfashionable. He was not a very smart freshmen at all.
The second time he spoke, his accent told me that he was from the south. “Shall I help you to get your luggage from the office?”I did not refuse since I really needed help. He was quick in movement. He walked out of the room and was soon far ahead of me to the office.
“ A good guy, ” I said to myself. “ I will make friends with him ” , and I hurried and caught up with him.
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