Passage Four

　　Questions 16 to 20are based on the following passage

　　A weather map is an important tool for geographers. A succession of three or four maps presents a continuous picture of weather changes. Weather forecasters are able to determine the speed of air masses and fronts; to determine whether an individual pressure area is deepening or becoming shallow and whether a front is increasing or decreasing in intensity. They are also able to determine whether an air mass is retaining its original characteristics or taking on those of the surface over which it is moving. Thus, a most significant function of the map is to reveal a synoptic picture of conditions in the atmosphere at a given time.

　　All students of geography should be able to interpret a weather map accurately. Weather maps contain an enormous amount of information about weather condition existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area. They reveal in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, frosts and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it issues a 30-day "out-look" which is a rough guide to weather conditions likely to occur over broad areas of the United States. These 30-day outlooks are based upon an analysis of the upper air levels which often set the stage for the development of air masses, fronts, and storms.

　　Considerable effort is being exerted today to achieve more accurate weather predictions. With the use of electronic instruments and earth satellites, enormous gains have taken place recently in identifying and tracking storms over regions which have but few meteorological stations. Extensive experiments are also in progress for weather modification studies. But the limitations of weather modification have prevented meteorological results except in the seeding of super?cooled, upslope mountainous winds which have produced additional rainfall on the windward side of mountain ranges. Nevertheless, they have provided a clearer understanding of the fundamentals of weather elements.

　　16. The observation of weather conditions by satellites is advantageous because it_______.

　　A. enables man to alter the weather B. makes weather prediction easier

　　C. gives the scientist information not obtained readily otherwise D. uses electronic instruments

　　17 . One characteristic of weather maps NOT mentioned by the author in this passage is

　　A. fronts

　　B. thermal changes C. Frost

　　D. wind speed

　　18. The thirty-day forecast is determined by examining_______.

　　A. daily weather maps B. upper air levels C. satellite reports D. changing fronts

　　19. At the present time, experiments are being conducted in_____

　　A. 30-day "outlook" B. controlling storms

　　C. controlling weather D. determining density of pressure groups

　　20. Artificial rainmaking has been most successful in the_______.

　　A. lake area

　　B. western slope of mountains

　　C. grass lands

　　D. windward side of mountains

　　Passage Five

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage

　　There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, while the other becomes unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.

　　People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of ccriticizing and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation.It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.

　　Though in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrong doings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.

　　21.According to the passage，those who are unhappy _______.

　　A.always consider things differently from others B.are usually influenced by the result of certain things

　　C.can discover the unpleasant part of certain things D.usually have the habit of finding faults with others

　　22. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

　　A.All the unhappy people should be pitied even more. B.The unhappy people are critical about everything. C.Most unhappy people want to get rid of their habit. D.The unhappy people are not content with themselves.

　　23. The phrase "sour the pleasures of society" (Para. 2) most probably means "__________". enjoy the displeasure of society feel happy with the pleasures of society make the company of others less enjoyable become discontent with their nation

　　24. The unhappy people's habit can cause serious consequences. Which of the following is NOT one of the consequences according to the passage?

　　When the unhappy people want to succeed, no one wishes them to. The unhappy people can offend many other people without knowing. It brings on deep sorrow to the unhappy people themselves as well as others. Many people may join to criticize the unhappy people's misconduct.

　　25. According to the author, if such unhappy people will not change their bad behavior, the solution to the problem is that __________.

　　people should understand and forgive them people should avoid contact with them people should help them get rid of the bad habit people should show more respect to them

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