英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)考試考前沖刺�？荚嚲韰⒖即鸢�

PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)

SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH

Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

照相是一種既兼并客觀世界，又表達(dá)獨(dú)特自我的技術(shù)。照片描繪業(yè)已存在的客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，不過(guò)只有造相機(jī)才能揭示這種客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。照片反映個(gè)別攝影者的氣質(zhì)，這種氣質(zhì)是通過(guò)照相機(jī)剪裁現(xiàn)實(shí)而顯示出來(lái)的。那就是說(shuō)，攝影術(shù)有兩個(gè)相互對(duì)立的觀念：第一，攝影術(shù)是反映世界的，攝影者只不過(guò)是無(wú)足輕重的觀察者； 第二，攝影術(shù)是無(wú)畏探索的主觀性的手段，攝影者決定一切。

（Picture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that already exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer’s temperament, discovering itself through the camera’s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and the photographer is all. ）

SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.

There are few words which are used more loosely than the word ‘civilization’. What does it mean? It means a society based upon the opinion of civilians. It means that violence, the rule of warriors and despotic chiefs, the conditions of camps and warfare, of riot and tyranny, give place to parliaments where laws are made, and independent courts of justice in which over long periods those laws are maintained. That is Civilization ---and in its soil grow continually freedom, comfort and culture. When Civilization reigns in any country, a wider and less harassed life is afforded to the masses of the people, the traditions of the past are cherished, and the inheritance bequeathed to us by former wise or valiant men becomes a rich estate to be enjoyed and used by all. (比“文明”這個(gè)詞還用得更不確切、更加無(wú)拘無(wú)束的詞簡(jiǎn)直寥寥無(wú)幾。文明是什么意思？它意指一個(gè)建立在平民百姓輿論基礎(chǔ)上的社會(huì)�！∷�意味著暴力、武士和暴君的統(tǒng)治、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)沖突、暴動(dòng)暴政為立法議會(huì)所取代，被法律得以長(zhǎng)期維護(hù)的獨(dú)立法庭所代替。這就是文明，在文明的土壤里，自由、舒適和文化不斷發(fā)展壯大。如果文明在任何一個(gè)國(guó)家里占了支配地位，那么便可給人民群眾提供一種更加寬松的較為平靜的生活，過(guò)去的傳統(tǒng)則受人珍重，英明偉人或勇士們留給我們的遺產(chǎn)則成為咱們大家共同享用的豐富的財(cái)產(chǎn)。)　

PART IV WRITING (45 MIN)

Throughout our life, we are more often than not faced with various crises. Confronting crises, different people respond differently. What is your attitude toward crises? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.

參考范文： Crisis

Crisis is to us what illness is to our body. Just as fatal disease can destroy our body and sometimes even put an end to our lives, so does smashing crisis knock us down so irrevocably and hopelessly that we might never have chance of standing up again. However, most crises that frequent us in life are not such category. They, like occasional ailments which sometimes can bolster our body’s immune system, are mostly minor and surmountable and therefore making us hardy enough to survive whatever adversities in our later life. Even those serious crises, if handled properly, can be turned to a blessing to us, too.

A ready example that comes to mind is SARS crisis that has recently torn apart and ravaged most of China. Admittedly, it has cost us quite a lot. Some people suffered health damage and still some even lost their lives. And our economy suffers a temporary setback and a slowdown. However, we still have much to learn and are yet to exhaust listing legacies left by this crisis. Among them are:

First, we are more concerned than ever before with our health, and the environment we live in, and above all, the vulnerable medical system and practice we have so long cherished and regarded as matter of course (have taken for granted). Also, we, all of sudden, realize otherwise not so obvious a truth that life is so infirm, feeble and precarious that if we somehow fail to take advantage of it right here and now, we may have no chance of even saying any words of love to our beloved, not to mention doing anything. Additionally, we tried and bettered and are still bettering our mechanism to respond to unexpected crises. These and other lessons and legacies brought about by blood, tear, toil and sweat are benefiting and continue to benefit us and generations of Chinese to come.

As a well-known ancient Chinese notion goes, the past lessons if not buried in oblivion are mentors for us all. If we can bear in mind sufferings and ordeals we have experienced, then those of our compatriots who had died did not die in vain and our sufferings will not go unrewarded.