Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Over the past decade, the environmental movement has exploded onto the mind of mainstream consumers, a fact not lost on marketers and advertisers. Green advertising ;started in the mid-1980s when issues of the environment muscled their way to the forefront of marketing. Advertisers saw the consumer desire for environmentally safe products and tried to meet the demand as quickly as possible. Not surprisingly, this first wave suffered from rough and poorly conceived marketing efforts. Many advertisers embraced a genuine concern for the environment. But consumers realized that some companies made false claims and exploited the movement, using such nebulous (模糊的)terms as “environmentally friendly” and “green.”
Consumers grew wary of environmental appeals, and advertisers reacted by reducing its emphasis. To avoid future trouble, many companies waited for state and federal governments to define terms and provide legal guidelines, which paved the road to a second wave. In 1992 the Federal Trade Commission established guidelines for green marketing, followed shortly by state governments. California passed particularly strict laws, setting definitions for terms like “ozone friendly,” “biodegradable,” and “recycled.”
According to the state’s court, “California seeks to guard against potentially specious;claims or ecological puffery (吹捧) about products with minimal environmental attributes.” Texas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Tennessee, Connecticut, and Washington soon followed the Golden State’s lead. The rigid regulations have left a number of advertisers confused and frustrated, although some feel that environmental claims have already peaked and are on their way out. Some believe that we’ve now entered green advertising’s third wave, where environmental concern is now part of the mainstream.
26 . What were some early problems with Green advertisements?
A) They were expensive. B) No one believed them.
C) They were unsuccessful. D) They were often deceptive.
27. What was the response by consumers?
A) Consumers were responsible.
B) Consumers were hostile.
C) Consumers didn’t care all the time.
D) Consumers got tired of it.
28 . How did Green advertisements change after the first wave?
A) They became more popular.
B) They were more regulated.
C) They became better produced.
D) They became less honest.
29. When did the green third wave come?
A) When environmental concern rise.
B) When advertisers are self-regulating themselves.
C) When advertisements become very regulated.
D) When the mainstream also becomes concerned about it.
30. Which of the following state takes the lead in guarding against ecological puffery of products with minimal environmental attributes?
A) Massachusetts. B) Texas. C) California. D) Connecticut.
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物） have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.
But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce.
Nonfat foods become add-on;foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “l(fā)ow fat.” The “l(fā)ow fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”
31 . Why Americans are still gaining weight?
A) They eat too much fat.
B) They overeat.
C) They eat low-fat crackers, soups and dressings.
D) They eat sugar.
32. What lesson did the computer programmer learn?
A) Overeating will cause weight gain.
B) He can eat half apound of jelly beans a day.
C) He didn’t eat any fat.
D) His coach gave him a lecture.
33 . Prof. Barbara’s experiment proved that __.
A) two groups ate the same amount of calories
B) two groups ate the same amount of yogurt
C) the “l(fā)ow fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group
D) people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain weight
34. According to the author, __ has less calories.
A) fat B) protein and carbohydrates
C) amino acid D) sugar
35 . What can you infer from the passage?
A) To keep from being overweight, people have to eat non-fat food.
B) The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than that from protein and carbohydrates.
C) People should avoid temptation.
D) Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food.
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The plumes of ash came billowing from Mount Etna on July 17 at precisely 1:33 p.m., followed by 300-foot blasts of lava. Below, in the resort town of Nicolosi, Italy, anxious residents prayed for protection. But scientists were jubilant.
“ Three minutes,” gushes Gene Ulmer, a Temple University geologist. “That’s all they missed by.” Not only did Ulmer witness the eruption (which killed no one), he was in Nicolosi the previous night when European volcanologists（火山學(xué)家） predicted that Mount Etna would erupt at 1:30 p.m.— one of the most accurate predictions in history.
Scientists have historically had little success in predicting eruptions. There are instruments to monitor the geophysical changes that may suggest a volcano is ready to blow—increase in tremors, alterations in the mountain’s tilt, or changes in the resistance of the earth surrounding it. Other instruments track volcanoes’ chemical compositions, because rising levels of ammonia, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, water and other substances can also herald eruptions. But none of these instruments has done particularly well.
So scientists have taken to monitoring as many different aspects of volcanic activity as possible. This broader approach appears to have yielded the stunningly accurate results at Etna. “We may have finally found the right combination of instrument to monitor volcanoes—and save lives,” says Ulmer.
It is, of course, possible that the Etna team just got lucky. Nonetheless, Ulmer says, “all of us in volcanology are very excited.”
36. Volcanologists were surprised by __.
A) the accuracy of their own predictions of eruption of Mount Etna
B) the eruption of Mount Etna
C) the instruments they had used
D) the ash and smoke of Mount Etna
37. Which instruments are the most effective ones to predict the eruption of volcanoes?
A) Instruments to monitor the geophysical changes.
B) Instruments to track volcanoes’ chemical compositions.
C) The combinations of instruments.
D) None of them.
38. What does the word “jubilant” mean according to;the context?
A) Upset. B) Filled with great joy.
C) Disappointed. D) Accurate.
39 . What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Though Mount Etna erupted as European volcanologists predicted, it was just a coincidence.
B) Scientists succeeded in finding the instruments to predict eruption.
C) Lots of scientists witnessed the Eruption of Mount Etna.
D) Scientists predicted accurately the eruption of Mount Etna.
40. What’s the possible title for this passage?
A) The Volcanologists Succeeded.
B) Mount Etna’s Eruption.
C) Right on Schedule—Mount Etna Makes Scientists Look Smart.
D)Prediction of Eruption in History.
Part Ⅲ
Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
41. __, I couldn’t find;the way to the post office.
A) However hard I tried B) However I tried hard
C) However hard I try D) Whatever I tried hard
42. There was a __drop in support for the Union in the 1988 election.
A) delicate B) distinct C) distant D) downward
43. Only if I can understand what you are listening to, __write it down correctly.
A) I shall B) shall I C) I can D) can I
44. A lot of __ can be mentioned as essential for explaining the puzzling phenomenon.
A) factions B) facades C) factors D) sides
45. Some confusion has __about who can do this job.
A) retained B) lifted C) raised D) arisen
46. It was very hot and people crowded __the air-conditioner.
A) about B) in C) on 51Test D) to
47 . The programmer was always busy in an __way, spending hours accompanying nothing.
A) ineffectual B) eventual C) efficient D) unskilled
48. The flood __ the townspeople __from the rest of the world.
A) cut...out B) cut...away C) cut...down D)cut...off
49. Mary washed her face__.
A) cleanly B) cleaned C) cleaning的 的D) clean
50. The foreign guests, __were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the train station.
A) most of them B) most of whom C) most of that 的D) most of those
51 . Tom __ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.
A) ought not have received B) shouldn’t have received
C) has been received D) couldn’t have received
52. I’d just as soon remind __ those important documents with you.
A) that you won’t B) your not taking
C) please don’t D) you didn’t take
53 . The train is traveling __a speed of 120 miles an hour.
A) with B) on C) in D) at
54. Any living thing __ die without the sun.
A) would B) may C) might D) will
55 . Some scientists think that there is no better __ for mother’s;milk.
A) alternative B) equivalent C) exchange D) substitute
56. In his speech the Minister of Industry said that industrial exports went up for three __years.
A) successful B) successive C) continual D) continuous
57. A group of foreign students planning to travel by car to North Dakota in the winter are advised to __ their cars with snow tires and warm clothing.
A) provide B) purchase C) equip D) install
58 . All the students __ a loud laugh when the teacher told them the joke.
A) let off B) let down C) let out D) let up
59. I wish my son would stop __ and do something realistic.
A) hanging about B) hanging on C) hanging up D) hanging off
60. The __estimate of gains in gross national product suggested a gradual recovery from economic recession.
A) introductory B) possible C) primary D) preliminary
61. We __ so as not to wake the roommates.
A) whispered B) moaned C) grunted D) muttered
62 . Although he is only 5 years old, he has a __ imagination.
A) furtive B) fertile C) frank 的 D) furious
63. Now many people buy __ Christmas trees instead of real ones.
A) false B) fake C) sham D) artificial
64. Could you give me a hint without __ the answer?
A) giving off B) giving away C) giving up D) giving in
65. After a number of disagreements with the committee, the chairman was determined to __.
A) retire B) withdraw C) retreat D) resign
66. We all can’t __ why she married a man like this.
A) reason out B) figure out C) make believe D) take in
67. Mary’s close __ to her sister made people mistake them for one another.
A) accuracy B) membership C) probability D) resemblance
68. “Why didn’t Tom come to the party last night?”“He __ not have wanted to see me.”
A) should B) would C) could D) might
69. __ to the question of refreshments, I should think lemonade and sandwiches will be enough.
A) Prior B) As C) Due D) According
70. __ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room.
A) There was B)Being C) There being D) As there being
PartⅣ
Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps __ 71 __ the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, __ 72 __ reading material and giving out __ 73 __.The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and __ 74 __ what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture __ 75 __ notes which do not catch the main points and __ 76 __ become hard even for the __ 77 __ to understand.
Most institutions provide courses which __ 78 __ new students to develop the skills they need to be __ 79 __ listeners and note-takers. __ 80 __ these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which __ 81 __ learners to practice these skills __ 82 __ . In all cases it is important to __ 83 __ the problem __ 84 __ actually starting your studies.
It is important to __ 85 __ that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills __ 86 __ in college study. One way of __ 87 __ these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the __ 88 __ year. Another basic __ 89 __ is to find a study partner __ 90 __ it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.
71.A) extending B) illustrating C) performing;D) conducting
72.A) attributing B) contributing C) distributing D) explaining
73.A) assignments B) information C) content D) definition
74.A) suspects B) understands C) wonders D) convinces
75.A) without B) with C) on D) except
76.A) what B) those C) as D) which
77.A) teachers B) classmates C) partners D) students
78.A) prevent B) require C) assist D) forbid
79.A) effective B) passive C) relative D) expressive
80.A) Because B) Though C) Whether D) If
81.A) enable B) stimulate C) advocate D) prevent
82.A) independently B) repeatedly C) logically D) generally
83.A) evaluate B) acquaint C) tackle D) formulate
84.A) before B) after C) while D) for
85.A) predict B) acknowledge C) argue D) ignore
86.A) to require B) required C) requiring D) are required
87.A) preventing B) withstanding C) sustaining D) overcoming
88.A) average B) ordinary C) normal D) academic
89.A) statement B) strategy C) situation D) suggestion
90.A) in that B) for which C) with whom D) such as
PartⅤ
Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: [WTHX]Getting to know the World Outside the Campus.[WTBX] You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1.大學(xué)生了解社會的必要性；
2.了解社會的途徑（大眾媒介、的社會服務(wù)等）；
3.我打算怎么做。
錄音文字材料
Scripts for Listening Comprehension
Section A
1. M: How much are these jackets?
W: They are on sale today, sir. Twenty-five dollars each, or two for forty dollars.Q: How much does one jacket cost?
2. W: Shall we have dinner in that French restaurant?
M: I can’t eat a thing. I feel too bad. My stomach aches.
Q: What do you think the woman will do?
3. M: Tina’s husband is friendly and easy-going.
W: Yes, just the exact opposite to her brother.
Q: What is Tina’s brother like? 4. W: Last night, we went to Peter’s house to listen to music.
M: I heard that he has more than 300 jazz records. Is that right?
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
5. M: I need six stamps and I’d like to send these two books by air mail.
W: Here are your stamps, but you have to go to the next window for the books.
Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?
6. W: Jim, would you mind driving me to my school?
M: Sure, why not?
Q: How does Jim respond to the woman?
7. M: Did you see Mary in the business office?
W: Yes, she was applying for a student loan.
Q: What was Mary doing?
8. W: When is the movie to start?
M: Don’t worry. It doesn’t start until 12:30, we’ve still got 30 minutes.
Q: What’s the time now?
9. M: I like skiing but not swimming.
W: Swimming and tennis are my favorite;sports.
Q: Which sport does the man like?
10. W: Tom, how are you? I heard you were sick.
M: They must have confused me with somebody else, I’ve never felt better.
Q: How does Tom feel?
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