2012年12月六級(jí)真題答案及解析匯總(考試吧版)

　　深度閱讀SB_2

　　You've now heard it so many times, you can probably repeat it in your sleep. President Obama will no doubt make the point publicly when he gets to Beijing: the Chinese need to spend more; they need to consume more; they need — believe it or not — to become more like Americans, for the sake of the global economy.

　　And it's all true. But the other side of that equation is that the U.S. needs to save more. For the moment, American households actually are doing so. After the personal-savings rate dipped to zero in 2005, the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets.

　　In China, the household-savings rate exceeds 20%. It is partly for policy reasons. As we've seen, wage earners are expected to care for not only their children but also their aging parents. And there is, to date, only the flimsiest(脆弱的) of publicly-funded health care and pension systems, which increases incentives for individuals to save while they are working. But China is a society that has long esteemed personal financial prudence(謹(jǐn)慎)for centuries. There is no chance that will change anytime soon, even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending.

　　Why does the U.S. need to learn a little frugality(節(jié)儉)? Because healthy savings rates are one of the surest indicators of a country's long-term financial health. High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth. In short, savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest.

　　The U.S. government thus needs to act as well. By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more. Peter Orszag, Obama's Budget Director, recently called the U.S. budget deficits unsustainable and he's right. To date, the U.S. has seemed unable to have what Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels has called an "adult conversation" about the consequences of spending so much more than is taken in. That needs to change. And though Hu Jintao and the rest of the Chinese leadership aren't inclined to lecture visiting Presidents, he might gently hint that Beijing is getting a little nervous about the value of the dollar — which has fallen 15% since March, in large part because of increasing fears that America's debt load is becoming unmanageable.

　　That's what happens when you're the world's biggest creditor: you get to drop hints like that, which would be enough by themselves to create international economic chaos if they were ever leaked. (Every time any official in Beijing deliberately publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.) If Americans saved more and spent less, consistently over time, they wouldn't have to worry about all that.

　　【點(diǎn)評(píng)】

　　本文講述了在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下，美國(guó)人要向中國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)勤儉，學(xué)會(huì)儲(chǔ)蓄。為什么這樣做呢?文章中指出良好的儲(chǔ)蓄率能夠推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。但即使美國(guó)家庭開始儲(chǔ)蓄更多，如果政府常年赤字的話，對(duì)美國(guó)來說還是“反儲(chǔ)蓄”的。所以文章的目的是敦促美國(guó)政府降低赤字，并在文末再一次強(qiáng)調(diào)要堅(jiān)持向中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)存多花少，

　　57. How did the economic crisis affect Americans?

　　They had to tighten their belts.

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從原文第二段最后一句話“the shock of the economic crisis last year prompted people to snap shut their wallets”可見，經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)使得美國(guó)民眾關(guān)緊錢包，即少花錢，也就是答案中tighten their belts(勒緊腰帶，節(jié)省開支)的意思。所以正確答案為A。

　　58. What should be done to encourage Chinese people to consume?

　　Improving China’s social security system.

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從原文中的“even if the government creates a better social safety net and successfully encourages greater consumer spending”可見，如要鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)人消費(fèi)更多，這需要提高社會(huì)安全系統(tǒng)。

　　59. What does the author mean by saying “savings are the seed corn of a good economic harvest” (Line 4, Para. 4)?

　　A healthy savings rate promotes economic prosperity.

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干提示，定位至第四段最后一句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話是前面幾句話的概括，那根據(jù)前面“High savings lead, over time, to increased investment, which in turn generates productivity gains, innovation and job growth.”可知，高儲(chǔ)蓄率能夠促進(jìn)投資，進(jìn)而促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)率、創(chuàng)新和崗位增長(zhǎng)，即促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。所以正確答案為D。

　　60. In what circumstances do currency traders become scared?

　　When Beijing mentions in public the huge debts America owes China.

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從原文中的“Every time any official in Beijing deliberately publicly about seeking an alternative to the U.S. dollar for the $2.1 trillion China holds in reserve, currency traders have a heart attack.”可知，每當(dāng)中國(guó)政府公開提到美國(guó)欠我國(guó)的大量債務(wù)，貨幣交易員們就擔(dān)驚受怕。因?yàn)楸径我婚_始提到作為最大的債權(quán)國(guó)，財(cái)政上的漏洞會(huì)造成經(jīng)濟(jì)的混亂。所以正確答案為D。

　　61. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

　　To urge the American government to cut defictis.

　　【解析】主旨題。縱觀全文，作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)應(yīng)該向中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)勤儉，文中第五段的第一句話“By running constant deficits, it is dis-saving, even as households save more.”也給到我們提示，既然長(zhǎng)期運(yùn)行赤字是不利于儲(chǔ)蓄的，那美國(guó)政府應(yīng)該做的是降低赤字。所以正確答案是A。